Understanding how ISO 16890 testing works is essential for air filter manufacturers, laboratories, and HVAC engineers.
Unlike older standards, ISO 16890 introduces a multi-stage testing method designed to reflect real-world operating conditions and provide reliable performance data.
In this guide, we break down the ISO 16890 test method step by step.
1. Overview of ISO 16890 Testing
The ISO 16890 test evaluates filter performance based on its ability to remove particulate matter (PM) across different size ranges:
- PM1
- PM2.5
- PM10
The final classification (ePM1, ePM2.5, etc.) is based on average efficiency after conditioning and dust loading.
2. Step-by-Step ISO 16890 Test Process
Step 1: Initial Efficiency Measurement
The test begins by measuring the filter’s initial fractional efficiency across a range of particle sizes.
- Uses particle counters
- Measures efficiency vs particle size curve
- Identifies baseline performance
👉 This step reflects the filter’s performance in its “new” condition.
Step 2: Discharge (Conditioning Process)
One of the most important differences in ISO 16890 is the discharge process, which removes electrostatic effects from the filter.
Why this matters:
- Many filters rely on electrostatic attraction
- Performance may drop over time in real use
👉 Discharge ensures the test reflects real-life performance, not just initial efficiency.
Step 3: Dust Loading Test
The filter is then exposed to standardized test dust to simulate real operating conditions.
During this process:
- Dust is continuously fed into the airflow
- Pressure drop increases over time
- Efficiency changes dynamically
👉 This step evaluates filter durability and stability.
Step 4: Final Efficiency Calculation
After completing the loading process, the system calculates:
- Average PM1 efficiency
- Average PM2.5 efficiency
- Average PM10 efficiency
These values determine the final classification:
- ePM1
- ePM2.5
- ePM10
- Coarse
3. Key Parameters Measured
ISO 16890 testing focuses on several critical parameters:
Filtration Efficiency
Measured across multiple particle sizes
Pressure Drop
Indicates energy consumption impact
Dust Holding Capacity
Determines filter lifespan
Efficiency Stability
Performance after discharge and loading
4. Why ISO 16890 Testing Is More Realistic
Compared to older standards, ISO 16890 provides:
✔ Real particle size evaluation (PM-based)
✔ Simulation of filter aging (dust loading)
✔ Removal of electrostatic bias (discharge)
👉 This results in more accurate and reliable performance data.
5. Test System Requirements
To perform ISO 16890 testing accurately, a complete test rig must include:
- Stable airflow control system
- Aerosol generation system
- Particle size measurement instruments
- Dust feeding unit
- Conditioning (discharge) module
⚠️ Any instability in airflow or particle measurement will directly affect test accuracy.
6. Common Challenges in ISO 16890 Testing
In practice, many laboratories face issues such as:
- Unstable airflow control
- Inaccurate particle size measurement
- Poor repeatability
- Inconsistent dust feeding
👉 These problems can lead to unreliable classification results.
7. Recommended Solution: SC-16890 Test System
To address these challenges, professional testing equipment is essential.
The SC-16890 General Ventilation Filter Test System from SCPUR is specifically designed for ISO 16890 compliance.
Key Advantages
- Precise airflow control for stable test conditions
- Accurate PM1 / PM2.5 / PM10 measurement
- Integrated discharge (conditioning) system
- Automated dust loading process
- High repeatability and data reliability
👉 This ensures consistent and standard-compliant results for both R&D and quality control.
8. Practical Applications
ISO 16890 test systems are widely used in:
- Air filter manufacturing
- Third-party testing laboratories
- Research institutes
- HVAC system development
9. Conclusion
The ISO 16890 test method represents a significant advancement in air filter evaluation by combining:
- Real particle measurement
- Filter aging simulation
- Standardized classification
To achieve accurate and repeatable results, selecting the right test system is critical.
